Ngokukhula koluntu olukhulileyo, izixhobo zokuhamba ezingenamiqobo ziye zangena kancinci kancinci kubomi babantu abadala abaninzi, kwayeizitulo ezinamavili zombaneziye zaba yindlela entsha yokuthutha abantu exhaphake kakhulu endleleni.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezitulo ezinamavili zombane, kwaye ixabiso liqala kwi-yuan engaphezu kwe-1,000 ukuya kwi-yuan eyi-10,000. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zeemveliso ezithengiswayo, ezineemilo ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo kunye nomgangatho.

Ungayikhetha njani isihlalo esinamavili esisebenza ngombane esifanelekileyo kuwe, ungayiphepha njani indlela yokujika xa uthenga izihlalo ezinamavili ezisebenza ngombane, kwaye ungaweli “emngxunyeni”?

Okokuqala, funda ngezitulo ezinamavili ezisebenza ngombane.

Udidi lweZitulo eziNamavili zoMbane ze-01

Udidi 1: Isitulo sabakhubazekileyo sombane sangaphakathi

Isantya kufuneka silawulwe kwi-4.5km/h. Ngokubanzi, ubungakanani bolu hlobo buncinci kwaye amandla emoto aphantsi, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba ubomi bebhetri yolu hlobo abuyi kuba bude kakhulu. Umsebenzisi ugqibezela ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngokuzimeleyo ngaphakathi. Kwigama lemodeli yemveliso, imelwe ngunobumba omkhulu u-N.

Udidi lwesibini: isitulo esinamavili sombane sangaphandle

Isantya sifuneka ukuze silawulwe kwi-6km/h. Umthamo oqhelekileyo wolu hlobo mkhulu kakhulu, isakhiwo somzimba sikhulu kunohlobo lokuqala, umthamo webhetri nawo mkhulu, kwaye ubomi bebhetri bude. Kwigama lemodeli yemveliso, imelwe ngonobumba omkhulu u-W.

Udidi lwesithathu:isitulo esinamavili sombane sohlobo lwendlela

Isantya sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye isantya esiphezulu asifuneki ukuba sidlule kwi-15km/h. Injini idla ngokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu, kwaye amatayara nawo atyebile kwaye akhuliswe. Ngokubanzi, ezo zithuthi zixhotyiswe ngezibane zangaphandle kunye nezalathisi zokuqhuba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuqhuba endleleni. Egameni lemodeli yemveliso, imelwe ngonobumba omkhulu u-L ngesiTshayina iPinyin.

Ngomhla wama-31 kuDisemba, ngo-2012, iTshayina yakhupha umgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T12996-2012 kwiisihlalo ezinamavili zombane. Kwiisihlalo ezinamavili zombane zangaphakathi, zangaphandle nezendlela, amagama emodeli, iimfuno zomphezulu, iimfuno zokuhlanganisa, ubungakanani kunye neemfuno zokusebenza, iimfuno zamandla, ukubambezeleka komlilo, imozulu, iimfuno zamandla kunye neenkqubo zolawulo kunye neendlela zovavanyo ezihambelanayo kunye nemithetho yokuhlola, amaxwebhu kunye nokukhululwa kolwazi, iimfuno zokumakisha kunye nokupakishwa kweesihlalo ezinamavili zonke zichaziwe kwaye ziyafuneka.

Uninzi lwabathengi abazi nto ingako ngesitulo esinamavili sombane, imveliso yesixhobo sonyango, kwaye bagweba umgangatho ngokujonga nje inkangeleko okanye ubungakanani bokuthengiswa kweqonga le-e-commerce de bafake iodolo. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi abaninzi baya kufumana iindawo ezininzi ezinganelisekanga emva kokufumana iimpahla.

Xa uninzi lwabantu luthenga isitulo sabo sokuqala esinamavili sombane, badla ngokuqala kuphela ngokwembono yokuthwala, baze baqwalasele ubukhaphukhaphu, ukugobeka, kunye nokugcinwa kwitrunk, njl.njl., kwaye abayiqwalaseli ingxaki ngokwembono yeemfuno zemihla ngemihla zabasebenzisi.

Intuthuzelo, amandla, ubomi bebhetri yesitulo esinamavili sombane, kunye nokuzinza kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yonke yesithuthi, kudla ngokuba emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, emva kwexesha lokusetyenziswa, usapho luya kufumana ingxelo.

Abasebenzisi abaninzi baya kuqwalasela ukuthenga izitulo ezinamavili zombane okwesibini. Emva kwamava okuqala, banokuqonda ngcono iimfuno zabo baze bafumane izitulo ezinamavili zombane ezifanelekileyo kubo. Uninzi lwezitulo zesibini ezithengwayo ziimodeli zangaphandle. ezinohlobo lwendlela.

02 Ulwakhiwo lwesitulo esinamavili sombane

Isitulo esinamavili sombane senziwe ikakhulu ngezi zinto zilandelayo: isakhelo esiphambili, isilawuli, injini, ibhetri, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifana nephedi yesihlalo esingasemva.

Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge inxalenye nganye yezixhobo ~

1. Isakhelo esiphambili

Isakhelo esiphambili simisela uyilo lwesakhiwo, ububanzi bangaphandle, ububanzi besihlalo, ukuphakama kwangaphandle, ukuphakama komqolo kunye nomsebenzi wesitulo esinamavili sombane.

Ezi zinto zinokwahlulwa zibe yimibhobho yentsimbi, i-aluminium alloy, i-aviation titanium alloy, kwaye ezinye iimodeli ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziqala ukusebenzisa izinto ze-carbon fiber. Uninzi lwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwimarike yimibhobho yentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium alloys.

Ixabiso lezinto zepayipi zentsimbi liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukuthwala umthwalo akukubi. Ingxaki kukuba inkulu, kulula ukuyigqwala kwaye ibole emanzini nakwiindawo ezifumileyo, kwaye iphila ixesha elifutshane.

Uninzi lwezitulo zombane ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zisebenzisa i-aluminium alloys, ezikhaphukhaphu kuneepayipi zentsimbi kwaye zinokumelana nokugqwala okunamandla.

Amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo, ukukhaphukhaphu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-aviation titanium alloy zingcono kunezo zimbini zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yexabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo, okwangoku isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizitulo ezinamavili zombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu neziphathwayo, kwaye ixabiso likwabiza kakhulu.

Ukongeza kwizinto ezikwisakhelo esiphambili, iinkcukacha zezinye izinto zomzimba wemoto kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezinje: zonke izixhobo zezixhobo, ubukhulu bezinto, nokuba iinkcukacha zirhabaxa, nokuba iindawo zokudibanisa zilingana, kwaye xa iindawo zokudibanisa zixinene, kokukhona kungcono. Imithetho yokucwangcisa efana nezikali zeentlanzi yeyona ilungileyo, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fish scale welding kushishino, kwaye le nkqubo yeyona inamandla. Ukuba inxalenye yokudibanisa ayilingani okanye kukho ukuvuza kwe-welding, iya kubonakala kancinci kancinci ingozi yokhuseleko ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha.

Inkqubo yokuwelda likhonkco elibalulekileyo lokujonga ukuba imveliso iveliswa ngumzi-mveliso omkhulu, nokuba inzulu kwaye inoxanduva, kwaye ivelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobuninzi.

2. Umlawuli

Isilawuli yinxalenye ephambili yesitulo esinamavili sombane, njengevili lokuqhuba lemoto, umgangatho waso umisela ngokuthe ngqo ukulawuleka kunye nobomi benkonzo yesitulo esinamavili sombane. Isilawuli ngokubanzi sahlulwe saba: isilawuli esiphezulu kunye nesilawuli esisezantsi.

Uninzi lwee-brand controllers ezingenisiweyo zenziwe zii-high and lower controllers, kwaye uninzi lwee-brand zasekhaya zine-high controllers kuphela. Ii-controllers ezingenisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yiDynamic Controls kunye nePG Drives Technology. Umgangatho weemveliso ezingenisiweyo ungcono kunoweemveliso zasekhaya, kwaye ixabiso kunye nexabiso nazo ziphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zixhotyiswe kwizitulo ezinamavili zombane eziphakathi neziphezulu.

Ukujonga nje umgangatho wesilawuli, ungazama le misebenzi mibini ilandelayo:

1) Vula iswitshi yombane, tyhala isilawuli, uze uve ukuba isiqalo sigudile na; khupha isilawuli, uze uve ukuba imoto iyama kwangoko emva kokuma ngequbuliso.

2) Lawula imoto ejikelezayo ngoko nangoko kwayeuzive ukubaisiteringi sigudileyo kwaye siyaguquguquka.

3. Injini

Le yeyona nto iphambili kumqhubi. Ngokwendlela yokudlulisela umbane, yahlulwe kakhulu yaba yi-brush motor (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-worm gear motor) kunye ne-brushless motor (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hub motor), kwaye kukwakho ne-crawler motor (efana ne-tractor kwiminyaka yokuqala, eqhutywa yibhanti).

Iingenelo zemoto exutyiweyo (imoto ye-turbine worm) kukuba i-torque inkulu, i-torque inkulu, kwaye amandla okuqhuba aqinile. Kulula ukunyuka kwiindawo ezincinci, kwaye ukuqala nokuma kuzinzile. Ingxaki kukuba izinga lokuguqulwa kwebhetri liphantsi, oko kukuthi, libiza kakhulu, ngoko ke isitulo esinamavili esisebenzisa le moto sihlala sixhotyiswe ngebhetri enomthamo omkhulu. Ubunzima besithuthi sonke esisebenzisa le moto bumalunga nama-50-200 catties.

Iingenelo zemoto engenabhrashi (imoto yehabhu yevili) kukonga amandla kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokuguqula umbane. Ibhetri exhotyiswe ngale moto akufuneki ibe nkulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokunciphisa ubunzima bemoto. Uninzi lwemoto esebenzisa le moto inobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-50.

Uthumelo lwamandla lwemoto ekhasa lude kakhulu, lubiza kakhulu, amandla abuthathaka, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi. Okwangoku, bambalwa abavelisi abasebenzisa le moto.

4. Ibhetri

Kuyaziwa ukuba kukho iibhetri ze-lead-acid kunye neebhetri ze-lithium. Nokuba yibhetri ye-lead-acid okanye ibhetri ye-lithium, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa. Xa isitulo esinamavili sombane singasebenzi ixesha elide, kufuneka sitshajwe kwaye sigcinwe rhoqo. Ngokubanzi, kucetyiswa ukuba utshaje ibhetri ubuncinane kanye kwiintsuku ezili-14, kuba nokuba ayisetyenziswa, ibhetri iya kusebenzisa amandla kancinci kancinci.

Xa kuthelekiswa ezi bhetri zimbini, uninzi lwabantu luyavuma ukuba iibhetri ze-lead-acid zingaphantsi kuneebhetri ze-lithium. Yintoni elungileyo ngeebhetri ze-lithium? Eyokuqala ikhaphukhaphu, kwaye eyesibini inobomi obude benkonzo. Uninzi lweendlela ezisemgangathweni zolungiselelo lwezihlalo zabakhubazekileyo zombane ezilula ziibhetri ze-lithium, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu.

I-voltage yesitulo esinamavili sombane ngokubanzi yi-24v, kwaye iyunithi yomthamo webhetri yi-AH. Ngaphantsi komthamo ofanayo, ibhetri ye-lithium ingcono kunebhetri ye-lead-acid. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweebhetri ze-lithium zasekhaya zimalunga ne-10AH, kwaye ezinye iibhetri ze-6AH ziyahlangabezana nomgangatho wokukhwela kwinqwelomoya, ngelixa uninzi lweebhetri ze-lead-acid ziqala kwi-20AH, kwaye kukho i-35AH, 55AH, 100AH, njl.njl., ngoko ke ngokwexesha lebhetri, iibhetri ze-lead-acid Zinamandla kuneebhetri ze-lithium.

Ibhetri ye-20AH lead-acid ihlala malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-20, ibhetri ye-35AH lead-acid ihlala malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30, kwaye ibhetri ye-50AH lead-acid ihlala malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40.

Iibhetri zeLithium okwangoku zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizitulo ezinamavili zombane eziphathwayo, kwaye ziphantsi kakhulu kuneebhetri zeLead-acid xa kuthelekiswa nobomi bebhetri. Ixabiso lokutshintshwa kwebhetri kwinqanaba lokugqibela liphezulu kuneleed-acid.

5. Inkqubo yokuqhobosha yahlulwe yaba yi-electromagnetic braking kunye ne-resistance braking

Ukuze sigwebe umgangatho weebhuleki, singavavanya ukukhululwa kwesilawuli esikwithambeka ukuze sibone ukuba siza kutyibilika size siwuve na ubude bomgama we-braking buffer. Umgama omfutshane we-braking ubuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye ukhuselekile.

Ibhuleki ye-electromagnetic ingasebenzisa ibhuleki ye-magnetic xa ibhetri ifile, nto leyo ikhuselekileyo.

6. Umqamelo ongasemva wesihlalo sabakhubazekileyo

Okwangoku, uninzi lwabavelisi luxhotyiswe ngee-back pads ezineengqimba ezimbini, ezikwaziyo ukuphefumla

ukuba tyaba kwelaphu, ukuxinana kwelaphu, iinkcukacha zentambo, ubunono bobuchule, njl. Ukuba ujonga kakuhle, uza kufumana umsantsa.