Ngokuqiniswa koluntu olwalupheleyo, izixhobo zokuhamba ezingenazithintelo ziye zangena ngokuthe ngcembe kubomi babantu abaninzi abadala, kwayeizitulo zamavili zombanebaye baba luhlobo olutsha lwezothutho oluxhaphake kakhulu endleleni.

Zininzi iindidi zezitulo eziqhutywayo zombane, kwaye ixabiso lisuka ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yeeyuan ukuya kwi-10,000 yeeyuan.Okwangoku, kukho ngaphezu kwe-100 iintlobo zeebrendi kwimarike, ezinolungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo, izixhobo kunye nomgangatho.

Unokukhetha njani isitulo esinamavili sombane esifanelekileyo, ukuphepha njani ukuphambuka xa uthenga izitulo ezinamavili ombane, kwaye ungaweli "emhadini"?

Okokuqala, funda ngezitulo ezinamavili zombane.

01 Udidi lwesitulo esinamavili soMbane

Udidi 1: Isitulo esinamavili soMbane sangaphakathi

Isantya siyafuneka ukuba silawulwe kwi-4.5km/h.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani bolu hlobo buncinci kwaye amandla emoto aphantsi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ubomi bebhetri bolu hlobo abuyi kuba kude kakhulu.Umsebenzisi ikakhulu ugqiba ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngokuzimeleyo ngaphakathi.Kwigama lemodeli yemveliso, imelwe ngonobumba omkhulu N.

Udidi lwesibini: isitulo esinamavili sombane sangaphandle

Isantya siyafuneka ukuba silawulwe kwi-6km/h.Umthamo jikelele wolu hlobo mkhulu kakhulu, ukwakheka komzimba kungqindilili kunodidi lokuqala, umthamo webhetri nawo mkhulu, kwaye ubomi bebhetri bude.Kwigama lemodeli yemveliso, imelwe ngonobumba omkhulu uW.

Udidi lwesithathu:uhlobo lwendlela isitulo esinamavili sombane

Isantya sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye isantya esiphezulu siyafuneka ukuba singadluli kwi-15km/h.I-motor idla ngokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu, kwaye amatayara ayaqina kwaye andise.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezo zithuthi zixhotyiswe ngezibane zangaphandle kunye nezalathi zokuqhuba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuqhuba ezindleleni.Egameni lomzekelo wemveliso, imelwe yileta enkulu L kwiPinyin yesiTshayina.

NgoDisemba 31, 2012, i-China yakhupha umgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T12996-2012 kwizitulo ezinamavili zombane.Kwizitulo ezinamavili zombane zangaphakathi, zangaphandle kunye nasendleleni, imodeli ye-nomenclature, iimfuno zomphezulu, iimfuno zendibano, imilinganiselo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza, iimfuno zamandla, ukuncipha komlilo, imozulu, amandla kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yokulawula kunye neendlela ezihambelanayo zovavanyo kunye nemithetho yokuhlola, amaxwebhu kunye nokukhutshwa kolwazi, Iimfuno zokumakisha nokupakishwa kwezitulo ezinamavili zonke zicacisiwe kwaye ziyafuneka.

Uninzi lwabathengi abazi kakhulu malunga nesitulo esinamavili sombane, imveliso yesixhobo sonyango, kwaye bagweba nje umgangatho ngokujonga nje inkangeleko okanye umthamo wentengiso weqonga le-e-commerce bade babeke iodolo.Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi abaninzi baya kufumana iindawo ezininzi ezingonelisiyo emva kokufumana iimpahla.

Xa abaninzi abantu bethenga isitulo sabo sokuqala esinamavili sombane, ngokuqhelekileyo baqala kuphela ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukuphatheka, kwaye baqwalasele ukukhanya, ukugoqa, kunye nokugcinwa kwi-trunk, njl., kwaye ungayiqwalasela ingxaki ngokwembono yeemfuno zemihla ngemihla. yabasebenzisi.

Ukuthuthuzela, amandla, ubomi bebhetri yesitulo esinamavili sombane, kunye nokuzinza kunye nokulawulwa kwayo yonke inkqubo yesithuthi, zihlala kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, emva kwexesha lokusetyenziswa, intsapho iya kufumana impendulo.

Abasebenzisi abaninzi baya kuqwalasela ukuthenga izitulo ezinamavili zombane okwesibini.Emva kwamava okuqala, banokuqonda ngcono iimfuno zabo kwaye bafumane izitulo ezinamavili zombane ezilungele bona ngakumbi.Uninzi lwezinto ezithengiweyo zesibini ziyimodeli yangaphandle.ngohlobo lwendlela.

02 Ubume besitulo esinamavili sombane

Isitulo esinamavili sombane ikakhulu senziwe ngala malungu alandelayo: isakhelo esiphambili, isilawuli, imotor, ibhetri, kunye nezinye izincedisi ezifana nesihlalo esingasemva.

Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge inxalenye nganye yezincedisi ~

1. Isakhelo esiphambili

Isakhelo esiphambili simisela uyilo lwesakhiwo, ububanzi bangaphandle, ububanzi besihlalo, ukuphakama kwangaphandle, ukuphakama kwe-backrest kunye nomsebenzi wesitulo esinamavili sombane.

Izinto eziphathekayo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngumbhobho wensimbi, i-aluminium alloy, i-aviation titanium alloy, kunye nezinye iimodeli eziphezulu ziqala ukusebenzisa izinto ze-carbon fiber.Uninzi lwezinto eziqhelekileyo kwiimarike ziyimibhobho yensimbi kunye ne-aluminium alloys.

Iindleko zezinto zombhobho wensimbi zincinci, kwaye ukuthwala umthwalo akubi.Ukungalungi kukuba mkhulu, kulula ukugqwala nokugqwala emanzini nakwindawo ezifumileyo, kwaye inobomi obufutshane benkonzo.

Uninzi lwezitulo ezinamavili zombane zesiqhelo zisebenzisa ialloyi ze-aluminiyam, ezikhaphukhaphu kunemibhobho yentsimbi kwaye ezinokumelana ne-corrosion eyomeleleyo.

Amandla ezinto eziphathekayo, ukukhanya kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-aviation titanium alloy kungcono kunezo zimbini zokuqala.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendleko zemathiriyeli, okwangoku isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizitulo ezinamavili zombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu neziphathwayo, kwaye ixabiso likwabiza kakhulu.

Ukongeza kwizinto zesakhelo esiphambili, iinkcukacha zamanye amacandelo omzimba wemoto kunye nenkqubo yokuwelda kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezinje: zonke izixhobo ze-accessories, ubukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuba iinkcukacha zirhabaxa, nokuba iindawo zokuwelda zinokulingana. , kwaye okukhona zicwangciswe ngokuxineneyo iindawo zokuwelda, kokukhona zingcono.Imithetho yokucwangciswa efana nezikali zeentlanzi zezona zilungileyo, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fish scale welding kushishino, kwaye le nkqubo inamandla kakhulu.Ukuba inxalenye ye-welding ayilingani okanye kukho ukuvuza kwe-welding, iya kubonakala ngokukhawuleza ingozi yokhuseleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha.

Inkqubo ye-welding iyikhonkco ebalulekileyo yokujonga ukuba ngaba imveliso iveliswa yifektri enkulu, ingaba inzulu kwaye inoxanduva, kwaye ivelisa iimveliso ezinomgangatho ophezulu kunye nobuninzi.

2. Umlawuli

Umlawuli yinxalenye engundoqo yesitulo esinamavili sombane, kanye njengevili lokuqhuba imoto, umgangatho wayo umisela ngokuthe ngqo ukulawulwa kunye nobomi benkonzo yesitulo esinamavili sombane.Umlawuli ngokubanzi uhlukaniswe: umlawuli ophezulu kunye nomlawuli ophantsi.

Uninzi lwabalawuli bohlobo oluphuma kumazwe angaphandle lwenziwe ngabalawuli abaphezulu nabasezantsi, kwaye uninzi lweempawu zasekhaya zinabalawuli abaphezulu kuphela.Awona magama asetyenziswa kakhulu asetyenziswa kumazwe angaphandle ziziLawuli zeDynamic kunye nePG Drives Technology.Umgangatho weemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle ungcono kuneemveliso zasekhaya, kwaye iindleko kunye nexabiso nazo ziphezulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo baxhotyiswe kwizitulo ezinamavili zombane eziphakathi neziphezulu.

Ukukhangela nje umgangatho womlawuli, ungazama le misebenzi mibini ilandelayo:

1) Vula iswitshi yamandla, tyhala isilawuli, kwaye uzive ukuba isiqalo sigudile;khulula isilawuli, kwaye uzive ukuba imoto iyayeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokumisa ngokukhawuleza.

2) Lawula imoto ejikelezayo kwindawo kwayeuzive nokubai-steering igudile kwaye ibhetyebhetye.

3. Imoto

Eli licandelo eliphambili lomqhubi.Ngokwendlela yokuhanjiswa kwamandla, yohlulwe ikakhulu kwi-brush motor (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-worm gear motor) kunye ne-brushless motor (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hub motor), kwaye kukwakho ne-crawler motor (efana netrektara kwiminyaka yokuqala, eqhutywayo. ngebhanti).

Izibonelelo ze-motor brushed (i-turbine worm motor) kukuba i-torque inkulu, i-torque inkulu, kwaye amandla okuqhuba anamandla.Kulula ukunyuka amathambeka amancinci, kwaye isiqalo kunye nokumisa azinzile.Ukungalungi kukuba izinga lokuguqulwa kwebhetri liphantsi, oko kukuthi, libiza kakhulu, ngoko ke isitulo esinamavili sisebenzisa le moto sihlala sixhotyiswa ngebhetri enkulu.Ubunzima besithuthi sonke esisebenzisa le moto bumalunga nama-50-200 eekati.

Izinto eziluncedo kwi-brushless motor (i-wheel hub motor) kukugcina amandla kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kombane.Ibhetri exhotyiswe ngale moto ayifuni ukuba ibe nkulu ngokukodwa, enokunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi.Uninzi lwesithuthi esisebenzisa le njini sinobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-50.

Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla enjini ye-crawler kude kakhulu, kuyabiza kakhulu, amandla abuthathaka, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi.Okwangoku, bambalwa abavelisi abasebenzisa le njini.

4. Ibhetri

Kuyaziwa ukuba kukho iibhetri ze-lead-asidi kunye neebhetri ze-lithium.Ingaba ibhetri ye-lead-acid okanye ibhetri ye-lithium, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekugcinweni nasekugcinweni.Xa isitulo esinamavili sombane singasebenzi ixesha elide, kufuneka sihlawulwe kwaye sigcinwe rhoqo.Ngokubanzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshaje ibhetri kanye qho ngeentsuku ezili-14, kuba nokuba ayisetyenziswanga, ibhetri iya kusebenzisa amandla kancinci kancinci.

Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ezimbini, abaninzi abantu bayavuma ukuba iibhetri ze-lead-acid zingaphantsi kweebhetri ze-lithium.Yintoni enhle malunga neebhetri ze-lithium?Eyokuqala ilula, kwaye okwesibini inobomi obude benkonzo.Uninzi lohlengahlengiso olusemgangathweni lwezitulo zamavili zombane ezikhaphukhaphu ziibhetri ze-lithium, kwaye ixabiso likwaphezulu.

Amandla ombane kwisitulo esinamavili sombane ngokuqhelekileyo yi-24v, kunye neyunithi yomthamo webhetri ngu-AH.Ngaphantsi komthamo ofanayo, ibhetri ye-lithium ingcono kunebhetri ye-lead-acid.Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iibhetri ze-lithium zasekhaya zijikeleze i-10AH, kwaye ezinye iibhetri ze-6AH zihlangabezana nomgangatho wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ngelixa iibhetri ezininzi ze-asidi ziqala kwi-20AH, kwaye kukho i-35AH, 55AH, 100AH, njl., ngoko ke ngokubhekiselele kubomi bebhetri, ukukhokela -iibhetri ze-asidi Zinamandla kuneebhetri ze-lithium.

Ibhetri ye-lead-acid ye-20AH ihlala malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-20, ibhetri ye-lead-acid ye-35AH ihlala malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30, kwaye ibhetri ye-lead-acid ye-50AH ihlala malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40.

Iibhetri zeLithium okwangoku zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizitulo eziphathwayo zombane, kwaye zingaphantsi ngokwentelekiso kwiibhetri zelead-asidi ngokobomi bebhetri.Ixabiso lokutshintshwa kwebhetri kwinqanaba lamva likwaphezulu kunelo leebhetri ze-asidi yelothe.

5. Inkqubo ye-braking ihlukaniswe kwi-electromagnetic braking kunye ne-resistance braking

Ukugweba umgangatho weziqhoboshi, sinokuvavanya ukukhululwa komlawuli kwithambeka ukuze sibone ukuba uya kutyibilika kwaye uve ubude bomgama webuffer yokuqhobosha.Umgama omfutshane wokuqhobosha unovakalelo ngakumbi kwaye ukhuselekile.

Ibrake ye-electromagnetic brake inokusebenzisa ibrake magnetic xa ibhetri ifile, ekhuseleke ngakumbi.

6. Umqamelo ongemva wesitulo esinamavili

Okwangoku, abaninzi abavelisi baxhotyiswe ngeepads eziphindwe kabini, eziphefumulayo

ukunyanzeliswa kwendwangu, ukunyanzeliswa kwengubo, iinkcukacha ze-wiring, ukucolwa kobugcisa, njl njl. Ukuba ukhangele ngokukhawuleza, uya kufumana i-gap.