Izitulo zamavili zombane ezisongayo zenza ubomi bube lula ngokunika ukuphatheka okungahambelaniyo. Iimodeli ezifana neWHILL Model F zisonga ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana emithathu kwaye zinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-53 lbs, ngelixa ezinye, njenge-EW-M45, zinobunzima obungama-59 lbs. Ngokukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi nge-11.5% ngonyaka, ezi zitulo zombane ezisongekayo ziguqula izisombululo zokuhamba.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
- Izitulo zamavili zombane ezisongekayonceda abasebenzisi bahambe ngokulula kwaye bahambe ngcono.
- Izinto ezinamandla kodwa ezilula, njenge-carbon fiber, ibenza bahlale ixesha elide kwaye kulula ukuyiphatha.
- Ukukhetha esona situlo sinamavili sisongelwayo kuthetha ukucinga malunga nobunzima, ukugcinwa, kunye nendlela esidibana ngayo neendlela zokuhamba.
Iindidi zeeNdlela zokuSonga kwii-Wheelchairs zoMbane
Uyilo olusongekileyo olubambeneyo
Uyilo lokusonga olubambeneyo lulungele abasebenzisi ababeka phambili ukuphatheka kunye nokulula. Ezi zitulo ezinamavili ziyawa zibe ncinane, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzigcina kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezifana neenqwelo zemoto okanye iigunjana. Uyilo lwabo lugxile ekululameni, ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba basonge kwaye bavule isitulo esinamavili ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokufuna izixhobo okanye uncedo.
Uyilo olubambeneyo luthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi abahamba rhoqo okanye abahlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini apho indawo incinyiweyo. Bakwabhenela kubakhathaleli, njengoko isakhiwo esikhaphukhaphu sinciphisa umgudu ofunekayo wokuhambisa isitulo esinamavili.
| Uyilo loyilo | Inzuzo | Usetyenziso-manani |
|---|---|---|
| Icwecwe kwaye iyasongeka | Kulula ukuthutha kunye nokugcina | Uyilo oluqhele ukukhutshwa kude kube ngu-2000, olukhethwa ngabanyangi kunye nabasebenzisi |
| Ukuhamba kakuhle | Ilungele iindawo ezahlukeneyo | Abasebenzisi abanobomi obusebenzayo bazuza ngakumbi kuyilo oluvumela uhlengahlengiso lwe-biomechanical |
| Ukwamkelwa kwenkcubeko kunye nobuhle | Yamkeleke ngakumbi kubasebenzisi, ukhetho olunempembelelo | Uyilo lwaluhlala lukhethwa ngaphandle komkhwa ngabanyangi, nangona imida |
| Isebenza kakuhle emalini | Iindleko eziphantsi zikhokelele ekukhetheni ngaphandle kwemida yokusebenza | Inketho engabizi kakhulu ibe nefuthe ekukhethweni ngenxa yemingeni yenkxaso-mali |
| Umsebenzi omncinci kubasebenzisi abasebenzayo | Uyilo olusisiseko lunokuthintela ukuhamba kunye nomsebenzi kubasebenzisi abasebenzayo ngakumbi | Abasebenzisi abanamanqanaba aphezulu omsebenzi baye bafumana umsebenzi ohlwempuzekileyo jikelele ngolu yilo |
Olu yilo lubeka ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokufikeleleka kunye nokusebenza, lubenza lube lukhetho olusebenzayo kubasebenzisi abaninzi.
Iinketho zokusonga ezilula
Izitulo zamavili zombane ezisongayo ezikhaphukhaphuzenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-carbon fiber kunye ne-aluminiyam ukunciphisa ubunzima ngaphandle kokubeka engozini ukuqina. Ezi modeli zifanelekile kubasebenzisi abafuna isitulo esinamavili ekulula ukusiphakamisa nokusiphatha.
- Ifayibha yekhabhoni inika umyinge wokomelela ukuya kubunzima obuphezulu, iqinisekisa ukuba isitulo esinamavili sihlala somelele ngelixa sikhaphukhaphu.
- Ixhathisa ukubola, iyenza ilungele indawo ezifumileyo okanye ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle.
- Ngokungafani ne-aluminium, i-carbon fiber igcina ukusebenza kwayo kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, ukukhusela ukuqhekeka okanye ubuthathaka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
| Metric | I-Carbon Fiber | Aluminiyam |
|---|---|---|
| Amandla-to-Weight Ratiyo | Phezulu | Phakathi |
| Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa | Egqwesileyo | Ubuhlwempu |
| Ukuzinza kweThermal | Phezulu | Phakathi |
| Ukuqina kwexesha elide (uvavanyo lwe-ANSI/RESNA) | Uphakamileyo | Ngaphantsi |
Ezi mpawu zenza ukhetho olulula lokusonga lube lukhetho oluthembekileyo kubasebenzisi bemihla ngemihla abaxabisaukuqina kunye nokulula kokuthutha.
Iindlela zokusonga ezisekelwe kwi-Disassembly
Iindlela zokusonga ezisekwe kwi-Disassembly zithatha ukuthwaleka ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Endaweni yokusonga ukuba ibe yimbumba ebambeneyo, ezi zitulo ezinamavili zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amancinane. Olu luyilo luluncedo ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abafuna ukufaka isitulo sabo esinamavili kwiindawo ezixineneyo okanye ukuhamba ngeendlela zokugcina ezilinganiselweyo.
Uphononongo olungumzekelo lugxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesi sixhobo. Isakhelo sesitulo esinamavili, esenziwe ngealluminiyam, siqinisekisa ulwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu ngelixa sigcina ukuqina. Iinjini zombane zidityaniswe ngaphandle komthungo, kwaye indlela yokutshixa ikhusela isitulo esinamavili ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ezi mpawu zenza uyilo olusekwe kwi-disassembly lube lusebenzayo kwaye luthembekile kubasebenzisi ababeka phambili ukuthuthwa.
Abasebenzisi bahlala bekhetha olu khetho lokuhamba umgama omde okanye xa indawo yokugcina incinci kakhulu. Ngelixa i-disassembly ifuna umzamo othe kratya kunokusonga ngokwesiko, ukuguquguquka okukunikayo kwenza kube lurhwebo olufanelekileyo.
Iinzuzo zesitulo esinamavili soMbane esiSongekayo
Ukuphatheka kuhambo
Ukuhamba ngesitulo esinamavili kunokuba lucelomngeni, kodwa kukusongaisitulo esinamavili sombaneyenza kube lula kakhulu. Ezi zitulo ezinamavili ziyilelwe ukuba zitshone zibe bubungakanani obubambeneyo, obuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bazigcine kwiitranki zemoto, indawo yokuthwala impahla yenqwelomoya, okanye nakwiindawo zikaloliwe. Oku kuphatheka kunika abasebenzisi inkululeko yokukhangela iindawo ezintsha ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezixhobo ezinkulu.
Uphononongo olwenziwe nguBarton et al. (2014) ibonise ukuba i-74% yabasebenzisi baxhomekeke kwizixhobo zokuhamba ezifana nokusonga izitulo zamavili zombane ukuhamba. Uphononongo olufanayo lufumene ukuba i-61% yabasebenzisi baziva ezi zixhobo zilula ukusebenzisa, ngelixa i-52% ichaze induduzo enkulu ngexesha lohambo. Olunye uphando olwenziwe nguMeyi et al. (2010) iqaqambise indlela ezi zitulo ezinamavili eziphucula ukushukumiseka nokuzimela, ziphucula impilo-ntle yabasebenzisi ngokubanzi.
| Umthombo woVavanyo | Ubungakanani beSampuli | Iziphumo eziphambili |
|---|---|---|
| Barton et al. (2014) | 480 | I-61% ifumene ii-scooters kulula ukuzisebenzisa; Ama-52% abafumana bekhululeke ngakumbi; I-74% ixhomekeke kwii-scooters ukuhamba. |
| May et al. (2010) | 66 + 15 | Abasebenzisi banike ingxelo yokushukumiseka okuphuculweyo, ukwanda kokuzimela, kunye nokuphucula impilo-ntle. |
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa indlela ukusonga izitulo ezinamavili zombane ezibaxhobisa ngayo abasebenzisi ukuba bahambe ngokuzithemba nangokukhululeka.
Indawo yokugcina indawo
Enye yezinto ezibalaseleyo zesitulo esinamavili sombane esisongekayo kukukwazi ukonga indawo. Enoba kusekhaya, emotweni, okanye ehotele, ezi zitulo zinevili zinokusongwa zize zigcinwe kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kubantu abahlala kumagumbi okanye amakhaya aneendawo ezimbalwa zokugcina.
Ngokungafaniyo nezitulo ezinamavili zesintu, ezihlala zifuna amagumbi azinikeleyo okugcina, iimodeli ezisongwayo zinokungena kwiigunjana, phantsi kweebhedi, okanye nasemva kweengcango. Olu ncedo luqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi banokugcina izitulo zabo ezinamavili zikufuphi ngaphandle kokudityaniswa kweendawo zabo zokuhlala. Kwiintsapho okanye abanakekeli, eli nqaku linciphisa uxinzelelo lokufumana izisombululo zokugcina, ukwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bulawuleke.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokulula kubakhathaleli kunye nabasebenzisi
Izitulo zamavili zombane ezisongayo azisebenzi nje kuphela; zikwayilwe kucingwa ngabakhathaleli. Iimodeli ezininzi zineendlela ezilula ezivumela ukusonga nokungatyhileki, rhoqo ngesandla esinye. Okulula ukusetyenziswakuthetha ukuba abakhathaleli banokugxila ngakumbi ekuncedeni umsebenzisi kunokuba balwe nesixhobo.
Kubasebenzisi, uyilo olucacileyo luqinisekisa ukuba banokusiqhuba ngokuzimeleyo isitulo esinamavili. Iimathiriyeli ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nolawulo lwe-ergonomic zenza ezi zitulo ezinamavili zibe lula ukuziqhuba, nakwizithuba ezixineneyo okanye ezimxinwa. Nokuba kukuhambahamba kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya esixakekileyo okanye uhamba kwindawo encinci, ezi zitulo zinevili zilungelelanisa iimfuno zabasebenzisi ngaphandle komthungo.
Ingcebiso:Xa ukhetha isitulo esinamavili sombane esongwayo, jonga iimodeli ezineendlela zokusonga ezizenzekelayo. Oku kunokonga ixesha kunye nomgudu, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba okanye ngexesha likaxakeka.
Ngokudibanisa ukuphatheka, iimpawu zokulondoloza indawo, kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa, ukusonga izitulo zombane zombane zinika isisombululo esisebenzayo sokuphucula ukuhamba kunye nokulula kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Iingqwalasela eziphambili Xa ukhetha isitulo esinamavili soMbane esiSongayo
Ubunzima kunye nokuqina
Ubunzima kunye nokuqinadlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni isitulo esinamavili sombane esisongekayo. Iimodeli ezikhaphukhaphu kulula ukuziphakamisa kunye nokuthutha, kodwa kufuneka zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukujongana nokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. Iinjineli zivavanya ezi zitulo ezinamavili ukomelela, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye nokudinwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokuqina.
| Uhlobo loVavanyo | Inkcazo | Ukungaphumeleli kuhlelo |
|---|---|---|
| Iimvavanyo zamandla | Ukulayishwa ngokuzinzileyo kweendawo zokumisa iingalo, indawo zokumisa inyawo, ukubamba izandla, izibambo zokutyhala, iileveli ezincamisayo | Ukungaphumeleli kweKlasi I no-II yimiba yokugcina; Ukungaphumeleli kweKlasi III kubonisa umonakalo wesakhiwo ofuna ukulungiswa okukhulu. |
| Iimvavanyo zempembelelo | Kuqhutywe nge-pendulum yokuvavanya kwi-backrests, iirim zesandla, i-footrests, i-castors | Ukungaphumeleli kweKlasi I no-II yimiba yokugcina; Ukungaphumeleli kweKlasi III kubonisa umonakalo wesakhiwo ofuna ukulungiswa okukhulu. |
| Ukudinwa iimvavanyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Multidrum (imijikelo engama-200,000) kunye novavanyo lwe-curb-drop (imijikelo eyi-6,666) | Ukungaphumeleli kweKlasi I no-II yimiba yokugcina; Ukungaphumeleli kweKlasi III kubonisa umonakalo wesakhiwo ofuna ukulungiswa okukhulu. |
Iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zeBrushless DC zihlala zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ezi njini zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zinceda ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri, zibenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo kubasebenzisi abafuna ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
Ukuhambelana neendlela zokuthutha
Isitulo esinamavili sombane esisongwayo kufuneka singene ngaphandle komthungo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zothutho. Imigaqo yezothutho zikawonke-wonke iqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kwabasebenzisi bezitulo ezinamavili, kodwa ayizizo zonke iimodeli ezihambelana ngokulinganayo.
- Isiqendu. 37.55: Izikhululo zikaloliwe phakathi kwezixeko kufuneka zifikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
- Isiqendu. 37.61: Iinkqubo zezothutho zikawonke-wonke kwiindawo esele zikhona kufuneka zivumele abasebenzisi bezitulo ezinamavili.
- Isiqendu. 37.71: Iibhasi ezintsha ezithengwe emva koAgasti 25, 1990, zimele zifikeleleke ngesitulo esinamavili.
- Isiqendu. 37.79: Izithuthi zikaloliwe ezikhawulezayo okanye ezikhaphukhaphu ezithengwe emva komhla wama-25 ka-Agasti 1990, kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokufikeleleka.
- Isiqendu. 37.91: Iinkonzo zikaloliwe phakathi kwezixeko kufuneka zibonelele ngeendawo ezichongiweyo zezitulo ezinamavili.
Xa ukhetha isitulo esinamavili, abasebenzisi kufuneka bajonge ukuhambelana kwaso nezi nkqubo. Iimpawu ezifana nezixhobo zokusonga ezixineneyo kunye noyilo olukhaphukhaphu lwenza kube lula ukuhamba ngesithuthi sikawonke-wonke kunye nokugcina isitulo esinamavili ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ibhetri kunye nokudibanisa inkqubo yamandla
Ukusebenza kwebhetriyenye into ebalulekileyo. Izitulo ezinamavili zombane ezisongayo zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zamandla ezisebenzayo ukuhambisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhlala ixesha elide. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zithandwa kuyilo lwazo olukhaphukhaphu, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye noluhlu olwandisiweyo.
| Uhlobo Lwebhetri | Iingenelo | Ukulinganiselwa |
|---|---|---|
| I-Lead-Acid | Itekhnoloji esekiweyo, enexabiso eliphantsi | Ubunzima, uluhlu olulinganiselweyo, ixesha elide lokutshaja |
| I-Lithium-Ion | Ikhaphukhaphu, uluhlu olude, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza | Iindleko eziphezulu, iinkxalabo zokhuseleko |
| I-Nickel-Zinc | Ngokunokwenzeka ikhuselekile, ihambelana nokusingqongileyo | Ubomi bomjikelo omncinci kwiimeko zamandla aphantsi |
| I-Supercapacitor | Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu | Umthamo wokugcina amandla olinganiselweyo |
Iiprojekthi ezifana nophuhliso lwe-Nickel-Zinc kunye ne-supercapacitor hybrid systems zijolise ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwebhetri, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nesantya sokutshaja. Olu phuculo lunceda abasebenzisi ukuba bonwabele ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Izitulo zamavili zombane ezisongayo zenza kube lula ukushukumiseka kubasebenzisi abaxabisa ubulula. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusonga, njengoyilo oludityanisiweyo okanye ukhetho lokuqhaqha, zibonelela ngeemfuno ezizodwa. Ukukhetha imodeli efanelekileyo kubandakanya izinto ezinobunzima obunjengobunzima, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuhambelana nokuthutha. Ezi zitulo ezinamavili zixhobisa abasebenzisi ukuba bahambe ubomi ngokulula kunye nokuzimela.
FAQ
Ingaba zonke izitulo zamavili zombane zinokusongwa?
Ayizizo zonke izitulo zamavili zombane ezisongwayo. Ezinye iimodeli zibeka phambili uzinzo okanye iimpawu eziphambili ngaphezu kokuphatheka. Ngalo lonke ixeshakhangela iinkcukacha zemvelisophambi kokuthenga.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukusonga isitulo esinamavili sombane?
Uninzi lwezitulo zamavili zombane ezisongayo ziyawa ngemizuzwana. Iimodeli ezinezixhobo ezizenzekelayo zigoqa ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa uyilo lwezandla lunokuthatha ixesha elide.
Ngaba izitulo zamavili zombane ezisongayo ziyahlala ixesha elide?
Ewe, izitulo ezinamavili zombane ezisongayo zisebenzisaizinto ezomeleleyo ezifana ne-aluminiyamokanye i-carbon fiber. Bavavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.
Ingcebiso:Jonga iimodeli ezinezatifikethi ze-ANSI/RESNA zokuthembeka okongeziweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-03-2025